A brief take on the History of Psychology in areas of conflict with Spiritual States of Mind

The Double Edge of PsyOps

Psychological Operations (PsyOps) are planned political, economic, and military activities that aim to influence foreign governments, organizations, and individuals. Their goal is to create emotions, beliefs, and behaviors that support political and military objectives. PsyOps teams operate in hostile environments and provide strategic options to commanders and ambassadors. They use a range of methods, from high-tech to no-tech, and overt to clandestine.

Individual vs Social Psychology

Electroshock therapy, or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), was sometimes used in conjunction with behaviorist principles, as a way of modifying problematic behaviors on an individual level.

Psychological studies like the ones Stanley Milgram conducted, however, in the early 1960s, revealed the surprising extent to which individuals were willing to obey authority figures, even when it conflicted with their personal morals and ethics, and what brings even greater concern is how state based institutions continue to utilized these studies as a means of evaluating methods of social control from without.

Social experimentation

Other forms of manipulation studies began in the mid-20th century with the launch of antipsychotic drugs, which enhanced our knowledge of psychiatric conditions. However, many studies took place in asylums, prisons, hospitals, and other hidden locations worldwide. While some psychologists, like Rosenhan, fought against biological diagnoses, others, like Zimbardo, explored how authority affects behavior by placing individuals in a mock prison, showing how easily people accept roles without questioning the underlying conditions of mental health in administrative conditions. These scenarios raise serious questions about human behavior and the balance between exploitation and resilience. The role of context and perception in these cases also points to the need to rethink systems that affect mental health and individual behavior in social settings, especially in the wake of similar psychological settings in black sites and detention centers of uncertain reputation all across the world.

From the Witch Trials to MKULTRA

Spirituality and Mystical States of Mind are at Question

Recent psychological studies on social control are just the start. The links between witch trials, the Spanish Inquisition, and MKUltra show ongoing efforts by governments worldwide to restrict exploration of consciousness and the human experience to maintain control over society and heretical efforts to experience mystical states of mind.

The witch trials of the 15th to 18th centuries were steeped in paranoia and the societal need to eliminate perceived threats to religious and social order. Individuals accused of witchcraft were often subjected to severe interrogation methods, aimed at extracting confessions or information, akin to the objectives seen in MKUltra. These trials reflected an attempt by the state to consolidate power by targeting those who deviated from accepted norms—an act steeped in the manipulation of fear and ignorance.

Similarly, the Spanish Inquisition, established to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in the face of heresy, utilized psychological terror as a means of control. Torture, public humiliation, and forced confessions were standard practices aimed at eliminating dissent and maintaining societal order. Here, the manipulation of an individual’s psyche served not only as an instrument of state power but also highlighted humanity's vulnerabilities when confronted with authority.

Fast forward to the mid-20th century, Project MKUltra represents a modern iteration of these historical precedents. Conducted under the auspices of the CIA, MKUltra's focus on mind control and interrogation through controlled exposure to psychological stressors, including drugs and sensory deprivation, reflects an ongoing exploitative relationship with human consciousness. The project aimed to find ways to influence and alter states of mind for purposes that resonate with historical coercion—using the very vulnerabilities identified by earlier inquisitions.

In each of these contexts, the pursuit of power—whether through the eradication of witchcraft, the enforcement of religious conformity, or the manipulation of the mind—demonstrates a profound intersection of fear, control, and the exploration of the human psyche. Each episode captures the complex dynamic between societal authority and individual autonomy, raising ethical questions about the nature of knowledge acquisition, the parameters of acceptable practice in psychological exploration, and the overarching influence of state power on the human condition.

Thus, the exploration of consciousness—be it through witch hunts, religious persecutions, or modern psychological experiments—reveals a consistent theme: the drive to harness and control the human mind has been a tool of societal regulation throughout history. In examining these connections, we gain insight into the enduring challenges of balancing our understanding of human psychology with ethical considerations and the impact of state endeavors on personal and communal spiritual growth.

It is important to recognize that the long-term effort to explore unusual psychological or mystical states has not been in vain. History and research reveal many altered states of mind uncovered in remarkable ways. However, the controversy and manipulation surrounding these secretive intelligence studies have led to stigma against these practices and created various harmful issues. This affects how information about such states is shared socially and regulated by the state, as explained below.

Military Operations Related to PsyOps

The Church Committee

Content from Wikipedia -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Committee

The Church Committee (formally the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities) was a US Senate select committee in 1975 that investigated abuses by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), National Security Agency (NSA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church (D-ID), the committee was part of a series of investigations into intelligence abuses in 1975, dubbed the "Year of Intelligence", including its House counterpart, the Pike Committee, and the presidential Rockefeller Commission. The committee's efforts led to the establishment of the permanent US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.

The most shocking revelations of the committee include Operation MKULTRA, which involved the drugging and torture of unwitting US citizens as part of human experimentation on mind control;[1][2] COINTELPRO, which involved the surveillance and infiltration of American political and civil-rights organizations;[3] Family Jewels, a CIA program to covertly assassinate foreign leaders;[4][5][6][7] and Operation Mockingbird as a systematic propaganda campaign with domestic and foreign journalists operating as CIA assets and dozens of US news organizations providing cover for CIA activity,[8] confirming earlier stories that charged that the CIA had cultivated relationships with private institutions, including the press.[9] Without identifying individuals by name, the Church Committee stated that it found fifty journalists who had official, but secret, relationships with the CIA.[9]

It also unearthed Project SHAMROCK, a program in which the major telecommunications companies shared their traffic with the NSA, and officially confirmed the existence of this signals intelligence agency to the public for the first time.

Results of the investigation

On August 17, 1975 Senator Frank Church appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, and discussed the NSA, without mentioning it by name:

In the need to develop a capacity to know what potential enemies are doing, the United States government has perfected a technological capability that enables us to monitor the messages that go through the air. (...) Now, that is necessary and important to the United States as we look abroad at enemies or potential enemies. We must know, at the same time, that capability at any time could be turned around on the American people, and no American would have any privacy left: such is the capability to monitor everything—telephone conversations, telegrams, it doesn't matter. There would be no place to hide.

If this government ever became a tyranny, if a dictator ever took charge in this country, the technological capacity that the intelligence community has given the government could enable it to impose total tyranny, and there would be no way to fight back because the most careful effort to combine together in resistance to the government, no matter how privately it was done, is within the reach of the government to know. Such is the capability of this technology. (...)

I don't want to see this country ever go across the bridge. I know the capacity that is there to make tyranny total in America, and we must see to it that this agency and all agencies that possess this technology operate within the law and under proper supervision so that we never cross over that abyss. That is the abyss from which there is no return.[26][27

Then and Now

Government Research on Psychic Phenomena

As MKULTRA and similar programs have shown, the intersection of psychological manipulation and state autonomy raises deep concerns about the social status of spirituality and mystical states of mind. In an era where the government has historically sought to control or alter mental states for its own purposes, what happens to our collective understanding of the mind when these experiences are distorted or undermined by psychological torture and manipulation? The potential for state-driven efforts to suppress or co-opt spirituality—once seen as deeply personal and sacred—calls into question the future of individual autonomy in exploring and defining one's own consciousness, while also exposing the fragility of societal trust in the integrity of both psychological research and spiritual practice.

FOIA from the CIA:

PSYCHIC WARFARE: EXPLORING THE MIND FRONTIER

by Dolan M. McKelvy Lieutenant Colonel, USAF A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY IN FULFILLMENT OF THE RESEARCH REQUIREMENT Research Advisor: Colonel Donald N. Panzenhagen MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA May 1988 Approved For Release 2001/04/02

A survey by the president of the American Society for Social Psychiatry revealed in 1981 that 58 percent of medical faculties polled felt that "understanding of psychic phenomena is important to future graduates of psychiatry programs", and that the American public accept the reality of psychic phenomena with 51 percent believing in ESP and 37 percent believing in precognition. The June 1983 Congressional Research Service report says, All polls of both the public and the scientific community in recent years have yielded evidence of a generally positive attitude toward the existence and relevance of psi phenomena as a class and research into them. The general public accepts the concept of psi, often based on personal experience. But given such great controversy within the scientific community, what should be the military attitude, what are the potential military uses, and how feasible are they? Thirteen of the fourteen best-known parapsychology laboratories in the United States responded to a questionnaire in 1979 giving us part of the answer. Four considered ''ESPionage" possible, five likely, and the remaining four certain. Similar proportions of the researchers believed psychic powers might be used to physically harm, sicken, or kill individuals, or to interfere with the operation of physical equipment such as computers (33:53). Ronald McRae, an investigative reporter for Jack Anderson, spent over a year sifting through a "sea of conjectures, rumors, and confusion", studying conflicting reports, competing interests groups and conjectures of psychic researchers to compile the most accurate record of facts he could find. His 1984 book, Mind Wars: The True Story at Government Research into the Military Potential of 2sychic Weapons, provides startling insights into numerous government projects involving psychic functioning. So much so that professor Marcello Truzzi, Director of the Center r for Scientific Anomalies Research in Ann Arbor, Michigan, said, He has given us enough pieces of the puzzle so that we can now at least see some of the areas filled in enough to make a preliminary assessment and recognize that government psi efforts have been grossly publicly underestimated (33:xii). Similarly, Russell Targ and Keith Harary authored a 1985 National Bestseller entitled Mind Race, where they discuss the unclassified portions of over ten years of government sponsored psi research at Stanford Research Institute. They note, In laboratories across this country, and in many other nations as well, forty-six experimental series have investigated remote viewing. Twenty-three of these investigations have reported successful results and produced statistically significant data, where three would be expected (41:5). Psi research is definitely alive in the United State and Internationally. In 1983 the Fifth International Conference on Psychotronic Research was held in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. The founder and president of the 15 year old International Association for Psychotronic Research (IAPR) was Dr. Zdenek Rejdak, from Czechoslovakia. Russell Targ points out that several speakers at this conference expressed "a clear desire for openness and cooperation-- rather than for developing military uses of psi"(41:85). Targ agrees. But I contend that government and the military have a responsibility to determine what kinds of military uses/threats might exists. POTENTIAL MILITARY USES It should not be hard for anyone to envision potential military uses of the powerful psi capabilities discussed thus far. Telepathy, precognition, dowsing, remote viewing and psychokinesis offer an endless list of possibilities. In 1984 Charles Honarton, Director of the Psychophysical Research Laboratories in Princeton, said, "There is potential for military and other uses but ' h s not reached the application stage"(38:38). Let's look at some specific military uses before addressing the implementation issue. INTELLIGENCE Just like Croesus in 550 B.C., remote viewing and precognition can break through barriers of time and space to perhaps eliminate the word "secrecy" from vocabulary. In 1976 CIA director George Bush enthusiastically gave retired astronaut Edgar Mitchell "permission to organize high-level seminars at the CIA to discuss possible intelligence applications of parapsychology"(33:103). Although interest waned in 1977 when Admiral Stan.:afield. Turner replaced Bush, it shows there are others who see definite psi applications for the intelligence community. As mentioned earlier, four of the best-known U.S. parapsychology laboratories are certain that psi can be used for espionage. Those four labs must of known about Project Scanate! In a previous section of this paper I quoted Henry Gris and William Dick's 1978 book where two U.S. psychics described supersecret military installations and even the contents of confidential files at the installation. Ronald McRae's 1984 book gives more details on this actual test: Psychics versus the CIA, extrasensory perception against the most sophisticated codes known to the U.S. National Security Agency, remote viewing against satellite photography and top U.S. agents behind the iron curt he [sic] whole of the U.S. national security apparatus cooperating to make cheating impossible. The .test was dubbed "Project Scanate"--an impossible test with impossible results...

In addition to remote viewing, map dowsing could be used to pinpoint the locations of soviet submarines or find underground tunnels in the Korean demilitarized zone. Before discussing potential personnel applications of psi let me remind you that at least four of the U.S. best- known parapsychology research laboratories are certain psychic powers might be used to physically harm, sicken, or kill individuals." Their confidence is probably based on experiments like that done in 1975 at San Francisco medical research institute with psychic healer Dean Kraft. He was to try, psychically, to lower the blood pressure and heart rate of a laboratory rat in a Plexiglas cage... The observers, however, had an opportunity to watch for twenty minutes, and record the steady decrease of the rat's heart rate, all the way to zero (41:81). He mentally killed the rat without any contact. Similarly, Nina Kulagina of the Soviet Union is known for her,psychokinetic abilities. After just 40 seconds of focusing her mental influences she was able to completely stop an isolated frog heart from a distance of about a meter and a half..."When we [Soviet Professor Gennady Sergeyev] examined it, we found that it was torn apart, as if bombarded by lightning balls of microscopic size. The energy flow can reach incredible intensity!" (41:269). From these examples we see the lethality of this type of psi. Soviet interest in these capabilities is nothing new. Targ notes "Experiments that feature induced pain or behavioral manipulation at a distance have been the distinguishing characteristics of almost all official Soviet psi research since the early 1920s"(41:77). From the mid-sixties until the mid-seventies the KGB beamed mysterious microwave radiation at the U.S. embassy in Moscow. This bombardment did not exceed U.S. health standards but did exceed much more rigid Soviet standards. Why are Soviet standards more rigid than ours, and why were they putting U.S. embassy personnel at greater risk than they would allow their own personnel--for no apparent reason? (33:72) From a more positive view, psi could be used to monitor and even restore health from great distances. A doctor could diagnose and treat many patients via remote control. Or better yet, experiments in biofeedback have shown that our minds have the ability to control much of our own physiology. When discussing the interaction of mind and matter, Alexander said, "The functions of the autonomic nervous system, previously thought to operate r independently of the conscious mind, can be controlled." With training, we can develop this ability to control stress, fear and even bleeding (3:50). Another potential area for psi use is personnel training. In 1982 at Fort Hood, Texas, the Army tested a program where soldiers practiced visualizing their combat tasks to improve their human performance. An expanded contract was then initiated to train Green Berets meditation skills so they could adapt to long hours behind enemy lines (20:69). What about executive decision making and stress management? In todays analytical and statistical world we tend to underdevelop our "gut instincts". But good leaders and visionaries recognize the value of a highly sensitized intuition.

Despite extensive evidence of psi and its tremendous potential use as an instrument of power, we continue to impede our own progress. Our mind set, extreme secrecy, and disjoint research fuels skepticism and criticism rather than seeking truth. The history of psi in Western society is filled with distinguished scientist from diverse fields who became maligned and professionally ridiculed for their psychic research. People feared that science would undermine traditional religious beliefs. Even electricity was considered to be an occult and mystical force in the 1850s. Robert Hare, a major American chemist, Alfred Russel Wallace, the cofounder with Darwin of the theory of evolution by natural selection, and Sir William Crookes, the chemist and physicist who discovered thallium and invented the radiometer, were the first of a continual succession of eminent scientists who endorsed paranormal claims based on their own research (27:825). Even today, the 130 years of controversy over psychical research is impeding progress.

I began this research because I was concerned the military establishment was unaware of psi potential applications, or not taking Lt. Col. Alexander's message seriously. As my research indicates, the government, or at least some individuals, were well ahead of me. They have been involved, daring to try unorthodox techniques, and helping demonstrate the existence of psi by using it when all else failed. But the military and government is a reflection of its society, so the controversy exists there also. Congressman Rose thinks skeptics in the Pentagon and CIA are hindering U.S. research in remote viewing and wonders openly about their motives. Some of the intelligence people I've talked to know that remote viewing works, although they still block further research on it, since they claim it's not yet as accurate as satellite photography. But it seems to me that it would be a hell of a cheap radar system, and if the Russians have it and we don't, we are in serious trouble.

Eminent Monsters

Eminent Monsters traces the origins of modern torture, examining early experiments with sensory deprivation, drugs, and "de-patterning". It describes the work of the eminent psychiatrist Ewen Cameron (1901-1967), whose notorious "Montreal experiments" received funding from the Canadian government and the CIA. The documentary also shows how the fate of the fourteen "Hooded Men" in Northern Ireland helped set the stage for "enhanced interrogation" at black sites in the War on Terror.

Project MK-ULTRA

There are over 12,000,000 documents related to CIA involvement in psychical and pharmacological research. I provided the first couple of paragraphs of one of them here, but I leave off before a very long and intensive list of chemical requirements that give an indication of how hotly contested this area of research really was and still continues to be. Check out the contents to pick and follow from there.

PROJECT MK-ULTRA

FOIA from the CIA document (Full link Below):

Project MK-ULTRA, MK-ULTRA, or MKULTRA, was the code name for a covert CIA mind-control and chemical interrogation research program, run by the Office of Scientific Intelligence. This official U.S. government program began in the . early 1950s, continuing at least through the late 1960s, and it supposedly used United States citizens as unwitting test subjects.E11[21[311'he published evidence indicates that Project MK-ULTRA involved the surreptitious use of many types of drugs, as well as other methods, to manipulate individual mental states and to alter brain function. � Project MK-ULTRA was first brought to wide public attention in 1975 by the U.S. Congress, through investigations by the Church Committee, and by a presidential commission known as the Rockefeller Commission. Investigative efforts were hampered by the fact that CIA Director Richard Helms�ordered all MK-ULTRA files destroyed in 1973; the Church Committee and Rockefeller Commission investigations relied on the sworn testimony of direct participants and on the relatively small number of documents that survived Helms' destruction order.1-41 Although the CIA insists that MK-ULTRA-type experiments have been abandoned, 14-year CIA veteran Victor Marchetti has stated in various interviews that the CIA routinely conducts disinformation campaigns and that CIA mind control research continued. In a 1977 interview, Marchetti specifically called the CIA claim that MK-ULTRA was abandoned a "cover story.451161 � On the Senate floor in 1977, Senator Ted Kennedy said: The Deputy Director of the CIA revealed that over thirty universities and institutions were involved in an "extensive testing and experimentation" program which included covert drug tests on unwitting citizens "at all social levels, high and low, native Americans and foreign." Several of these tests involved the administration of LSD to "unwitting subjects in social situations." At least one death, that of Dr. Frank Olson, resulted from these activities. The Agency itself acknowledged that these tests made little scientific sense. The agents doing the monitoring were not qualified scientific observers

Project MKULTRA remains highly classified.E81 Contents � 1 Title and origins � 2 Goals � 3 Budget � 4 Experiments n 4.1 LSD � � 4.2 Other drugs � 4.3 Hypnosis and Magic � 4.4 Canadian experiments sr 5 Revelation � 6 U.S. General Accounting �trite Report ri 7 Legal issues involving informed consent � 8 Extent of participation � 9 Notable subjects � 10 Incidents � 10.1 Dr:Frank Olson Commits Suicide � 11 Sec also � 12 Web links � 13 References Title and origins The project's intentionally oblique CIA myPtonym is made tip of the digraph MK. Meaning that the project was sponsored by the agency's Technical Services'

Dr. Sidney Gottlieb approved of an MKULTRA subproject on LSD in this lone 9.1953 letter. Division, followed by the word ULTRA (which had previously been used to designate the most secret classification of World War II intelligence). Other related cryptonyrns include MK-NAOMI and MK-DELTA. A precursor of the MK-ULTRA program began in 1945 when the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency was established and given direct responsibility for Operation Paperclip. Operation Paperclip was a program to recruit former Nazi scientists. Some of these scientists studied torture and brainwashing, and several had just been identified and prosecuted as war criminals during the Nuremberg Trials.191"1 Several secret U.S. government projects grew out of Operation Paperclip. These projects included Project CIIATTER (established 1947), and Project BLUEBIRD (established 1950), which was later renamed to Project ARTICHOKE in 1951. Their purpose was to study mind-control, interrogation, behavior modification and related topics. Headed by Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, the MK-ULTRA project was started on the order of CIA director Allen Dulles on April 13, 1953,011 largely in response to Soviet, Chinese, and North Korean use of mind-control techniques on U.S. prisoners of war in Korea.1121 The CIA wanted to usc similar methods on their own captives. The CIA was also interested in being able to manipulate foreign leaders with such techniques,1131 and would later invent several schemes to drug Fidel Castro. Experiments were often conducted without the subjects' knowledge or consent") In some cases, academic researchers being funded through grants from CIA front organizations were unaware that their work was being used for these purposes.115) In 1964, the project was renamed MK-SEARCII. The project attempted to produce a perfect truth drug for use in interrogating suspected Soviet spies during the Cold War, and generally to explore any other possibilities of mind control. Sidney Gottlieb Another MK-ULTRA effort, Subproject 54, was the Navy's top secret "Perfect Concussion" program, which used sub-aural frequency blasts to erase mcmory.1161 Because most MK-ULTRA records were deliberately destroyed in 1973 by order of then CIA Director Richard Helms, it has been difficult, if not impossible, for investigators to gain a complete understanding of the more than 150 individually funded research sub-projects sponsored by MK-ULTRA and related CIA 171 programs.[ Goals The Agency poured millions of dollars into studies probing dozens of methods of influencing and controlling the mind. One 1955 MK-ULTRA document gives an indication of the size and range of the effort; this document refers to the study of an assortment of mind-altering substances described as follows:"

Read the full article:

https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/06760269?fbclid=IwY2xjawI6pOBleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHfTiJZj_xXE4ONdmgaecZ2s39TzqJLD5bf6t6r1EBh_VF_xG75XiGaUf_g_aem_9WJ9Y6neII3MMEdFgqBNxA


Other Materials From Around the Web on the History of Psychic Phenomena

Public Facing Universities, Institutions, and Labs:

Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS)https://noetic.org/

Stanford Research Institutehttps://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp79-00999a000300100011-9

American Society for Psychical Researchhttp://www.aspr.com/

Society for Psychical Research Londonhttps://www.spr.ac.uk/

Harvardhttps://library.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/static/onlineexhibits/james/psychical.html

Rhine Institute https://www.rhineonline.org/

Maharishi International Universityhttps://research.miu.edu/maharishi-effect/

The Omega Institutehttps://www.eomega.org/

FOIA resources from the CIA

Review over 12,000,000 documents related to PsyOps material

One example being “Remote Viewing”https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/search/site/remote%20viewing

Other Selected resources:

William James https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552602/

Arthur Koestlerhttps://www.amazon.com/Roots-Coincidence-Excursion-into-Parapsychology/dp/0394480384

Maharishi effect https://community.thriveglobal.com/a-seventeen-year-landmark-study-finds-that-group-meditation-decreases-u-s-national-stress/

Please also review some assorted articles on the history of pharmacological research:

Psychiatry and Pharmacology www.SomnambulistSociety.com/pharmacological-considerations

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